THE EMERGENCE OF A MEDICAL SPECIALTY (WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO NEUROSURGERY). PART I. SOCIAL-HISTORICAL FACTOR
Abstract
This is a first part of an article which treats specialization in medicine using a system approach. Three main systemic factors (we called them discipline-making factors) are crucial for the emergence of a clinical specialty (in our case this specialty is neurosurgery): social-historical, scientific and institutional. This paper is dedicated to social-historical factor which includes level of society development (industrialization, urbanization and level of university education) and wars. The impact of World War I on subsequent birth of neurosurgery as a separate specialty in Europe and USA is demonstrated.
About the Author
B. L. Liсhterman
The I.M. Sechenov First MSMU
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
MD, prof. of the chair of medical history, national history and culture studies
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